The spread of infectious diseases tends to increase at sales or boarding facilities, breeding farms, barns of performance and show horses, fairgrounds or racetracks where situations are ideal for introducing and transmitting infectious diseases.
According to the Maryland Department of Agriculture, a horse stabled in Montgomery County has tested positive for the mutant neurotropic form of Equine Herpes Virus.
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According to the American Association of Equine Practitioners guidelines, West Nile virus is considered a core vaccination requirement and two shots are required for full immunity.
While some horses adapt well to being transported, others do not, and being moved from one place to another can be highly stressful for them, whether they travel by air or by road.
Because it has not been possible to find a similar virus in animals, the scientists behind the new study elected to focus on the virus in horses which is most similar.
Ontario has experienced an increase in deer ticks -- also called black-legged ticks -- and a related spike in human cases of Lyme disease over the last decade.
Currently four facilities in Michigan are under quarantine, including the two facilities in which the EHV positive horses reside and they are being monitored for signs and symptoms of the EHV-1 illness.
Infection rates in tick populations vary by tick species and geographic region from as few as two percent to 90 percent or more.
The protocol for equine captured straying into Texas from Mexico is to test them for a number of diseases foreign to the U.S., including Glanders.