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rif-AM-pin - Pronunciation guide
Brand Names
- Rifadin
- Rimactane
Description
Rifampin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic often administered in combination with other antimicrobial agents in treating staphylococcal infections, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, Rhodococcus equi, Streptococcus equi, S. equisimilis, and S. zooepidemicus isolates.
Because resistance to rifampin can develop quickly, it is often used in combination with other antimicrobials. The listed bacteria tend to cause abscesses, and rifampin has excellent penetration of most tissues, including bone and cerebral spinal fluid, as well as abscesses, making it a more potent drug. It is used extensively in combination with erythromycin for the treatment of Rhodococcus equi infections in foals.
Usage
Rifampin is used to treat foals and horses when a systemic antibacterial is needed to treat staphylococcal infections and eradicate pathogens located in difficult to reach target areas, such as abscesses.
Dosage and Administration
| Method | Amount | Dosage | Period | Duration | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral | 1 - 2 | mg/lb | 2 times a day | As prescribed | Erythromycin. Dose form: 150 mg and 300 mg capsules. |
Oral: 1 to 2 mg/lb, two times a day with erythromycin
Dose Form: 150 mg and 300 mg capsules
Side Effects
Side effects are rare in horses. Occasionally, foals on rifampin and erythromycin may develop diarrhea and require prompt action.
Precautions
Rifampin may cause orange or red discoloration of urine or other bodily fluids, but is not harmful. Rifampin should be used with caution in animals with decreased liver function.
Rifampin is not FDA spproved for use with horses, but is commonly used and an accepted practice. It is a prescription drug and U.S. Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the lawful written or oral order of a licensed veterinarian.
Although it is unlikely this drug would be used in competition horses, it would not be permitted in drug-free competitions. It is important to check with the individual regulatory agency in each case.
Interactions
Rifampin may increase the metabolism of some drugs that are also metabolized by the liver, including chloramphenicol, corticosteroids, and anticoagulants.
Overdose
Overdose increases the risk and severity of the mentioned side effects.
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